DBMS Technical Assignment Help

DBMS

 

Introduction:

A database typically requires a comprehensive database software program known as a Database Management System (DBMS). A DBMS serves as an interface between the database and its end users or programs, allowing users to retrieve, update, and manage how the information is organized and optimized.

DBMSfunctions:

• Data dictionary management: DBMS stores definitions of the data elements and their relationships (metadata) in a data dictionary. DBMS uses the data dictionary to look up the required data component structures and relationships which relieves you from coding such complex relationships in each program.
• Data storage management: DBMS functionality is creating and managing the complex structures required for data storage, thus relieving you from the difficult task of defining and programming the physical data characteristics. Performance tuning relates to the activities that make the database perform more efficiently in terms of storage and access speed.
• Data transformation and presentation: The DBMS transforms entered data in to required data structures. The DBMS relieves you of the chore of making a distinction between the logical data format and the physical data format. That is, the DBMS formats the physically retrieved data to make it conform to the user’s logical expectations.
• Security management: The DBMS creates a security system that enforces user security and data privacy. Security rules determine which users can access the database, which data items each user can access, and which data operations (read, add, delete, or modify) the user can perform
• Backup and recovery management: DBMS systems provide special utilities that allow the DBA to perform routine and special backup and restore procedures. Recovery management deals with the recovery of the database after a failure, such as a bad sector in the disk or a power failure.

Definition:

A database is a collection of inter-related data which helps in the efficient retrieval, insertion, and deletion of data from the database and organizes the data in the form of tables, views, schemas, reports, etc. 

 

Types of database languages:

DDL is the short name for Data Definition Language, which deals with database schemas and descriptions, of how the data should reside in the database. e.g., CREATE, ALTER, DROP, TRUNCATE, RENAME, etc.

DML is the short name for Data Manipulation Language which deals with data manipulation and includes most common SQL statements such SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, etc., and it is used to store, modify, retrieve, delete and update data in a database.

DCL is short for Data Control Language which acts as an access specifier to the database. Basically to grant and revoke permissions to users in the database. e.g., GRANT and REVOKE.

TCL (Transaction Control Language) These are the commands used for managing transactions in the database. TCL is used for managing the changes made by DML. e.g., COMMIT, ROLLBACK, and SAVEPOINT.

 

Types of DBMS:

• Relational database: A relational database management system (RDBMS) is a system where data is organized in two-dimensional tables using rows and columns.

This is one of the most popular data models which is used in industries. It is based on SQL. Every table in a database has a key field which uniquely identifies each record.

• Object oriented: It is a system where information or data is represented in the form of objects which is used in object-oriented programming.

It is a combination of relational database concepts and object-oriented principles.

Relational database concepts are concurrency control, transactions, etc.

OOPs principles are data encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

It requires less code and is easy to maintain.

• Hierarchical database: It is a system where the data elements have a one to many relationship (1: N). Here data is organized like a tree which is similar to a folder structure in your computer system.

The hierarchy starts from the root node, connecting all the child nodes to the parent node.

It is used in industry on mainframe platforms.

• Network database: A Network database management system is a system where the data elements maintain one to one relationship (1: 1) or many to many relationship (N: N).
• It also has a hierarchical structure, but the data is organized like a graph and it is allowed to have more than one parent for one child record.

 

DBMS Question & Answers:

Question 1. Is SQL is a DBMS?

Answer: SQL is neither a DBMS nor RDBMS. It is a programming language used to query data on either of the database management systems.

 

Question 2. What is primary key in DBMS?

Answer: A primary key is the column or columns that contain values that uniquely identify each row in a table. A database table must have a primary key for Optim to insert, update, restore, or delete data from a database table.

 

Question 3. What are the 5 types of primary key?

Answer: Primary Key- The primary key refers to a column or a set of columns of a table that helps us identify all the records uniquely present in that table.

• Super Key
• Candidate Key
• Alternate Key
• Foreign key
• Composite key

 

Question 4: What are the advantages of DBMS?

Answer: Following are the advantages for database management system.

• Redundancy control
• Restriction for unauthorized access
• Provides multiple user interfaces
• Provides backup and recovery
• Enforces integrity constraints
• Ensure data consistency
• Easy accessibility
• Easy data extraction and data processing due to the use of queries

 

Question 5: What is the Relationship?

Answer: The Relationship is defined as an association among two or more entities. There are three type of relationships in DBMS-

One-To-One: Here one record of any object can be related to one record of another object.

One-To-Many (many-to-one): Here one record of any object can be related to many records of other object and vice versa.

Many-to-many: Here more than one records of an object can be related to n number of records of another object.

 

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